Category Archives: 3.3 Implementation and Institutionalization

“Implementation is using instructional materials or strategies in real (not simulated) settings. Institutionalization is the continuing, routine use of the instructional innovation in the structure and culture of an organization” (Seels & Richey, 1994, p. 47). The purpose of implementation is to facilitate appropriate use of the innovation by individuals in the organization. The goal of institutionalization is to integrate the innovation within the structure and behavior of the organization.

Teacher Professional Development Models

When people hear “teacher professional development”, they often think of it as training of teachers. But it is not really that simple. Actually, training is only one part of teacher professional development. Professional development includes workshops, reflections, assessment, observations, etc. Teacher professional development happens through the whole teacher’s career. TPD improves teachers in their profession.

There are three categories of TPD:

  1. Standardized TPD – used for the largest groups. For example, one teacher takes a course about using computers in the classroom and later shares the information with his/hers colleagues.
  2. Site-based TPD – used locally. For example, a school district has a custom-made workshops about using computers in the classroom for its teachers.
  3. Self-directed – used for individuals. For example, every teacher in the school learns independently through the use of the Internet.

Currently, the self-directed category is used in the University of the District of Columbia the most. I have to tell that often this method does not work for the teachers. Not all of them are comfortable and able to learn on their own. It takes a lot of dedication. Moreover, many teachers lack the development in technology which is often used in the classroom. If we want to teach our students with technology, teachers are the first ones needing the appropriate training in that area.

I would much rather recommend the site-based category. It would bring much more to the school. The professional development should be long-term, ongoing, sequenced, and cumulative, which in this case is not. Students should be the ones gaining most from the professional development. Teachers should get better for their students, not only for themselves. Since teachers should use their new knowledge and skills, this approach would work really well. For example, the students in a particular class lack the knowledge of using technology for writing. They just write their essays by hand. The site-based approach allows the teachers to learn about the web 2.0 tools. Then the English teachers can create activities for students using the web 2.0 tools. The site-based category can be customized for the needs of the school, so no resources are wasted on something that cannot be used in the classroom.

In conclusion, the teachers in the University of the District of Columbia lack the development in using technology in the classroom. My recommendation to cover the gaps in this area is to use the site-based category in professional development which can be customized to the actual needs.

Reference

Models and Best Practices in Teacher Professional Development | infoDev.org. (n.d.). . Retrieved March 14, 2011, from http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.294.html

Professional Development for Teachers. (n.d.). . Retrieved March 14, 2011, from http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/educatrs/profdevl/pd2prof.htm

Technology Trends

Mobile Computing Picture

After reading the Horizon Report, I have decided to research Mobile Computing.  I have heard a lot about mLearning already, but I have never had a chance to dive into the topic.  According to the Horizon Report, students who own mobile devices are likely to spend more time studying than those who do not own them (p. 12).  This information was really important for me since before reading the report I was really sceptic about using mobile phones for learning.  Now I believe that it might be a great tool for education.  As I was researching mobile computing, I found that podcasting, reading, and using mobile applications can be all used in the classroom.

Podcasts are really popular today.  I searched the iTunes app store and there are many podcasts already available.  If the teacher is really creative, he can easily produce his own podcasts.  Moreover, many universities offer podcasts for open public.  This way it is easy to share with students all over the world.  Podcasts can be listened on the way after downloading to your mobile device.  Actually, the EdTech department at Boise State University also produces a podcast called “Cool Teachers”.

Mobile computing may be also used eBook Reader Picture for reading.  Today, many assignments are posted online so students can access them on the go.  In addition, students can access many public eBooks.  Textbooks are already being published as eBooks as well.  As stated in the Horizon Report, when students have a few minutes, they can read while waiting at the doctor’s office, or in the subway.  In today’s busy world, this is a great feature, which brings flexibility to students.

Mobile applications are probably the best tool, which can bring tremendous positives to the classroom.  A teacher does not have to be a geek to create and use these applications.  There are many applications already uploaded.  Many of them can be customized.  I found a great application called gFlash+.  The application can be used as a pack of flashcards, or a self-quiz tool.  It is very easy to customize it by downloading the data from Google Docs.  Any teacher can use this tool to give students a fun way to learn and quiz themselves on the go.  The following video shows how the application can be used.

I am sure that mobile computing has its space in education.  It offers a lot and still will be growing in the near future.  I would recommend every teacher to try to bring this technology to the classroom since it will definitely have a positive acceptance.

To read more about mobile computing, visit the following links.

mLearning in Education

How eLearning goes mobile

mLearning Tools

Reference

Johnson, L., Levine, A., Smith, R., & Stone, S. (2010). The 2010 Horizon Report. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium.